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Fortification of Naryn. A. D. Sokolov. 1908.
Trip to town of Naryn in Naryn region.
"The settlement of Naryn itself, located outside the fortification, is quite decent and almost exclusively commercial. Several long, wide and clean streets, houses made of adobe and brick, with flat roofs and front gardens. The greenery of the latter - mainly willow - was still fresh. The main street is a shopping yard, the shops of which are exclusively Asian, and their owners are partly Tatars, but mostly black-bearded Sarts in robes and turbans; the main part of the goods from Kashgar passes through here. All the traders are counted up to 300."
N. L. Zeland. "Kashgaria and the passes of Tien-Shan." 1888.
Historical places in vicinity of Naryn.
The Naryn fortification (570½ versts from the town of Verny) with a trading place is located on the left bank of the river in a narrow river valley, like in a pit, over which the mountains surrounding almost all sides dominate and completely hide from the eyes of the traveler.
Upstream, the valley narrows, and below (from the west), it is closed by the Naryn-Tau ridge, Ak-Kiya, which makes the mountain valley a closed basin, at the bottom of which is the fortress, built in 1868 by Major General Ya. I. Kraevsky. Almost opposite the fortress, on the southern side of the valley in the steep slopes of Naryn-Tau, a narrow gorge (Sharkratma) was visible, along which the road to Atbash and Kashgar (Chinese Turkestan) runs.
To the west, downstream of the river Naryn, a wheeled road to Andijan was laid by sappers, which, as it turned out later, did not justify the hopes placed on it, as well as the monetary costs (more than 100,000 rubles). Having descended along the soft clay slope into the valley and crossed the fast Naryn on a wooden bridge, we turned west to the fortress; to the left of the road, at the very foot of a wooded mountain, there was a local hospital in the middle of a large garden, and a little further on a row of white customs buildings was visible.
On the western side of the fortress adjoined a small village or trading place, almost entirely populated by Sarts and Tatars, who traded here with the Kirghiz. The information about the population is interesting: according to data for 1903, there were 391 Russians in Naryn (including soldiers, Cossacks and border guards) and 484 foreigners, a total of 875 people.
(According to the data for 1906, the corresponding figures are as follows: 290 Russians, and 712 foreigners, a total of 1,011 people, of which 93 were Tatars and 397 were Sarts (Overview of the Semirechye Region for 1900). Such an insignificant population is explained by the fact that, despite the crossroads from Kashgar and Andijan, living conditions in Naryn are difficult:
with the southern position of the fortification compared to other populated areas of the region (41° 26′ N), the climate there is very severe: the average annual temperature is -2.9°, and frosts in winter reach 30 and 32 °C with frequent cold winds, as shown by observations of the meteorological station.
The main reason for this phenomenon is the altitude of the area, reaching more than 6,600 feet above sea level, and the complete isolation of a narrow and deep valley surrounded by snow mountains. They do not practice agriculture or gardening there, so bread, greens and fruit are all imported; watermelons, melons and apples are brought from Przhevalsk and Verny, and apricots, peaches and grapes are delivered in baskets by pack animals on donkeys from Kashgar.
It used to be that agriculture was completely impossible in the Naryn fortification due to the cold, but this does not seem to be entirely true, since at present there are arable lands below the city along the Naryn valley to the Ak-Kiya pass, and in general the population has apparently begun to pay more attention to this matter.
A few years ago, according to the stories of the residents, it was impossible to find fresh cabbage and potatoes in Naryn, but now all of this is available for sale. But what has proven difficult to obtain is baked bread sold by weight. For the needs of the Muslim population of the trading settlement, there are Sart flatbreads at the bazaar, but there is no Russian bread; it was necessary, on the advice of the headman, to turn to one Russian merchant, who took about a ruble for a loaf of low-grade semolina, and made it clear that by selling the bread he was doing us a kind of favor, for which we should be grateful.
Not finding any other bread for the rest of the journey, we had to accept this rather valuable favor, since further along the Naryn River there were no Russian settlements at all. The population of the settlement, as I have already said, consisting almost exclusively of Sarts and Tatars, is engaged in trade with the Kirghiz, exchanging raw materials and livestock for goods.
Here it is necessary to once again note the fact, characteristic of Semirechye, that all trade with the nomads is in the hands of the Sarts and Tatars, who keep the natives in complete economic dependence. There is also Pugasov's shop, but it serves almost exclusively the Russian population of the fortification in Tien-Shan mountains.
The bazaar is not very lively; the distinctive feature of the bazaar crowd is the abundance of Kirghiz and Kashkarlyks (Kashgar Sarts), and rarely does one see the obligatory uniform cap of a Russian. When asked whether the new road to Andijan has revived the trade of the town, one could hear that it is not suitable for wheeled traffic and therefore is not used at all, with the exception of a few sections and bridges over large rivers.
A lively caravan trade is only with Kashgar, from where they bring mata (cotton fabric), furs, skins and other raw materials.
Authority:
A. D. Sokolov. "Toguz-Torau." Along new road from Semirechye to Fergana. Verny, 1908.