Encyclopedic works of Kyrgyzstan.

"Blessed Knowledge" is a monument of the literary language of the mixed Karluk-Uyghur type, and no matter which of the modern Turkic languages ​​we recognize as its closest successors (there is no direct and uninterrupted succession with "Blessed Knowledge" in later literary Turkic languages), this outstanding work has every reason to be considered the common property of the Turkic-language literatures of the Central Asian region."

M.S. Fomkin.

Central Asian dynasty of Karakhanids.

The work of Yusuf Balasaguni "Kutadgu Bilik" is the first encyclopedic work not in the official literary language, which was the Arabic language at that time, but in the native language of the Turks, a fact in itself very significant, which testifies to patriotism and love for the native language.
At the same time, he was guided by political motives, the desire to teach the Central Asian dynasty of the Karakhanid, which had not yet broken away from nomadic environment, to govern a country with highly developed sedentary regions and areas (Maveranahr, East Turkestan).
And in order for his edifications to be understood by the Karakhanid nomads, it was necessary to write in Turkic. But "Kutadgu Bilik" is not only a political treatise, it is a sum of knowledge on various fields of science and culture of its era, it contains and generalizes material with a philosophical understanding of the life positions of the author himself, in particular, it examines the ideological problems of the meaning of life, the purpose of man, his place and role in the social and natural universe.
Balasaguni's work represents an extensive system in which both problems of a general philosophical nature and problems of a practical, ethnic and aesthetic nature are put forward. The desire for encyclopedicity, universality, and coverage of general ideological problems was inherent in the very nature of philosophizing in the cultural region to which Yusuf belonged.
Worldview Yusuf has three roots - philosophical, shamanistic, Islamic. Yusuf fits into the general process of the Renaissance and in the East, in particular, the imprints of the philosophy of Eastern peripatetism are quite clear in his work. We are talking about a powerful cultural and philosophical tradition, coming from Aristotle and continued by al-Farabi and Ibn Sina.
Its influence on the author of "Kutadgu Bilig" was first noted by the German orientalist O. Alberts. The ideological paradigm of the Eastern Middle Ages is not limited to the mental activity of professional philosophers. It is also represented by the intermediate "non-professional" philosophical work of such poets as Rudaki, Firdausi, Yusuf Balasaguni, Omar Khayyam, Nizami, Navoi, Nasimi.
But the way poetry of this time exists has its own characteristic features and traits: on the one hand, the poets' work is dominated by a pronounced rationalism of artistic thinking, on the other hand, by rationalism clothed in the symbolic veils of Sufism.
The complication of poetic forms, images, and techniques did not change the basic content of poetry, aimed at life's realities, the search for the realization of humanistic principles of truth, goodness, and happiness. In essence, medieval poetry was engaged in the development of the most universal ideological, moral, and social problems, as well as philosophy.
And many poetic works can be attributed to the philosophical genre, and therefore they can and should be included in the process of historical and philosophical development.

It tells how Aitoldi wrote a will to elik of Kyurtogdy.

He ordered to give himself paper, ink

And with the name of God he began to write.

And he began with the name of God: "Almighty,

Creator-Omnipotent, Lord Almighty!

You - the one who created the multitudes of living creatures,

Saving them from hunger, feeding them all!

The fulfillment of all the hopes of beings is in God,

He does not need help in this matter.
He creates everything by his command,

And everything is created according to his predictions.

His will has commanded everyone to know death,

All are mortal, but he himself knows no bounds.

Glorify, oh my God, the good prophet,

I always honor him deeply and immeasurably.

Praise also to his blessed friends,

Repay them with my unchanging praise.

And you, long live, glorious elik,

Rule the peoples with your sovereign will.

I am called Aitoldy, I was the full moon,

But I am on the wane, and death is before me.

And death, like a hunter, has caught me,

And there is no salvation for me, and everything is not nice to me.

Always kind to me, you have cared for me for a long time,

But I am leaving - I cannot fulfill my duty.

The testament that I write in this letter,

Let it be my bitter answer to you.

I, devoted to the affairs of this world with my soul,

I did them in truth, with great care.

And so, filled with adoration for you,

I write to you - you read the testament.

Listen to what the man said: well-behaved,

And the gift of good behavior is the most important gift:

"Listen to the well-behaved - their speech and word

For you - like the prey of a good catch.

Everything in men of good behavior is truthful,

Trust their advice: you will rise to wonder!"

I am filled with good-behaved love for you, -

Listen to my advice, glorious Elik!

I repented before the hour of death -

Alas, my repentance is useless!

But I needed this humility -

I asked to forgive my evil deeds.

My silver and gold did not fall to me,

My lot is to count how sad the loss is.

I will die grieving, and what is sorrow to me?

Only God is my protection, my hopes are gone!

Today I will say goodbye to this earthly vale,

And tomorrow you too will depart after me.

As long as death has not touched you, Elik,

Try to do your work wisely.
Be kind, do not be cruel and do not be harsh,

Make your people happy both in deed and word.

While you are healthy, be a giver of good,

And give away all that you possess to the poor.

Here - said a truthful man, listen,

He was perspicacious from an early age, - listen:

"The hour of death is far away - think about death,

During life, pray with humble thought,

And when death approaches - repentance is vain:

What is the use of moaning in the grave without answer!"

When I die, O Elik, be diligent,

Do not waste time, be true to humility.

Do not let yourself be seduced by worldly happiness,

Pave the way of truth to any deed.

Set a just law over the people,

You will see: your whole life will become happy.

Do not burn yourself with greed for mortal temptations

And break your neck to your idle whims.

You are a bek, and do not slavishly flatter yourself with this world,

Do not wait for its punishment, leave it yourself as an orphan.

Do not amuse yourself with the vanities of arrogance,

Do not believe in this world, it is not worth trusting.

Be close only to those who are rich in heart,

Stay away from the evil - you will suffer evil!

Reject the services of the selfish with disdain,

Do not invite insidious people to treats.

Not knowing sin, be submissive in prayer -

Nothing will be so beneficial to you.

And, remembering death, get ready for the road -

It will come from an ambush to the threshold.

Wherever you run, death will come,

Even if you live long, all will leave together.

Live, but also remember the coming death:

Even the long-lived will go to the grave!

Who could protect himself from mortal fate?

Who lived longer than the time predestined by fate?

The words are beautiful and deep in meaning,

In them - the running terms of life:

"Look, all people go in a caravan,

And there is nowhere for them to make a permanent camp.

A son, in the loins of his father only for a short time,

Guests in the womb of his mother with a short stay.
As soon as he is born and his name is assigned -

He saddles up time and gallops as a traveler.

Nothing will disturb the leaps day or night,

And death, approaching, dries his brow.

This world and your grave are two haltsII:

You have come - get ready, the time has passed.

This world has spread two paths before you,

Go by one of the two - whichever one you like.

If you go to the right, the road will be smooth,

If you go to the left, your whole life will be miserable!"

Worthy Elik! The world is spread out like a field,

Where everyone reaps their yesterday's sowing.

What is sown into the ground - that will be born,

What you give - that will return to you in return.

Do not shed someone else's blood, do not crave someone else's -

From these two evils your death will be miserable!

All life, like a dream seen, is fleeting,

And - slave or bek - all go forever.

What are your past days? - Sleepy dreams!

And what lies ahead? - Repentant tears!

And a husband said to us for edification -

A husband who has known the melancholy of repentance:

"Aren't the days you have lived a dream,

What benefit is in them, you explain to me!

You have spent your life in captivity of your whims,

And what lies ahead? - Only torment!"

Think about life - its terms are short,

The paths from life to death are not far.

Let your life be, elik, impeccable,

Only a good name is immortal and eternal!

Do not believe in the strength of the army, in the power of gold -

And the other will go without return.

And do not become a useless victim to someone else,

Do not burn yourself in vain and sympathize with yourself!

Look: before you, the beks ruled the world,

But they are gone - they disappeared into the graves forever!

And death already threatens you with all-powerful power,

It is watching you, my clear beacon!

He who has seen the sins of this world said,

He remembered this just for you:

"Wealth is comparable to salt water:

Only the tongue dries up, but you can't get enough to drink!
Temptations are like a shadow, they act in the same way:

You come to them - they go away, you leave them - they are near.

Earthly affairs are like a ghost in the desert:

If you want to catch it, it's nowhere to be found!"

Be steadfast, elik, keep yourself more strictly -

People are also beautiful under a valiant bek.

After all, people are like sheep, and the bek is their shepherd,

And the shepherd has good qualities.

A hungry pack of wolves is at your gates,

Be vigilant, elik, set up posts for patrol.

Do not get angry in business, muffle your passions,

Angry beks lose power.

Explain to people calmly, not rudely,

Know: rudeness is more terrible than the fire of a murderer!

Be gentle and kind in calm grandeur,

Direct your hand to worthy accomplishments.

Look: the road is far before you,

And reason on the road is a great help!

Do not build no palaces, no chambers, ruler, -

Your abode is ready underground.

Look, all the chambers have outlived you,

And you are inconsolable in an ominous grave.

Why do you accumulate all these riches,

Two canvases are enough for you in the worldIII!

Show list of those who rated

The poet also said his word about this,

And his word is the basis of all sayings:

"This is the essence of man: drawn to wealth,

He is unfamiliar with the thought of the meaning of wealth.

He saved, grew rich, and the desired - with him,

And death is already here - crept up secretly!"

Do not rejoice, bek, in fleeting pleasures:

Everything good will end in complete discord.

Do not waste your life on worldly pleasures,

They are fleeting and take revenge without mercy.

You caress your body on silk and velvet,

But you will lie down in the black earth dead.

With those dear to your heart you are now in joy,

And your path - underground, into the darkness of the dungeon!

You will soon dismount from your fast horse,

A horse without a saddle will become a log for you.

Remember death, think it all over - Don't repent tomorrow in a gloomy grave!

In your affairs, expect help only from God:

The Creator will give you strength - help will come.

Whatever fate sends you - good, evil, -

Humble yourself, but say only the truthful word.

If you want to embrace two worlds with your power -

Reject the five evils, you will be close to happiness.

Do not flatter yourself with the forbidden, do not act by force,

Do not take revenge on the enemy, do not resort to villainy.

Do not drink, do not succumb to the temptation of debauchery -

All this is fraught with the loss of power.

To eternally strengthen your power year after year,

Put the law, and not force, over the people.

Elik, you stand as the head of the people -

Watch over and preserve it with a living thought.

Elik, you have bound yourself with a considerable burden -

Be vigilant, worthy, and grant good.

We love to drag ourselves after a whim -

Come to your senses, don't let troubles overcome you!

All your days have flown by like the wind,

And what support are those that remain?

Don't be careless in the last days,

Be able to overcome all sins and vices.

This world is unfaithful, it is unreliable in everything,

Take only what is necessary from it, be careful

A certain righteous man said, here is his word,

And a righteous man is the foundation of the whole world:

"This world is only a stop, and you are a caravan,

How long is the rest given to the traveler?

It is a place for profitable deals on the way,

But no matter how profitable - you must go!

And if you have to get ready for the journey,

Take only what is necessary, throw away the excess!"

Here I am leaving, and it is time for you

To think about how to leave a good name.

Listen to what one dying man said,

Giving instructions on his deathbed,

He taught the living, already doomed,

Accept into your soul the wise advice!

He said: "Think about the inevitable evil -

For years I lie, tormented by remorse!"

And remember, elik: the skillful one rules for a long time,
This is what you do, this is what you do not do:

For the good, the law, and not force is more pleasing,

Fall in prayer before the door of the Lord.

Second: be strong in body and spirit -

Then you will not succumb to unexpected attacks!

And do not drag out the affairs - do them quickly,

And drive away anger - grit your teeth with patience

Observe this advice of mine - and everything will be quick,

And the support of your power will be firm.

Exalt the worthy, not sparing them rewards,

Drive away the worthless from yourself as quickly as possible.

Strengthen the law - and all misfortunes will disappear,

And you will be tightened with the belt of happiness.

Listen to what the famous sage told us,

Use the wisdom hidden in the word:

"He who introduces laws! Punishes justly!

He who destroys laws - profits for death.

Ruler, do not foster an unjust order:

The unjust will not cope with difficult governance!

And he who establishes an unjust order,

After death will be covered with bad glory.

He who adhered to good laws and rules,

He left a good name for a long time!"

Do not be deceived by yourself, Elik,

Think about your essence tirelessly.

Do not strengthen the bad in yourself,
O all-powerful one,

Two worlds will reach you with terrible punishment.

You stretched your hand high above the people -

Look, lest life rushes by in vain!

This world is transient - get used to the thought of it,

And death is already near - think about it!

Look for edification: my fate is tearful,

Repent in life, then it will be too late!

A message from the dead to the living - a testament,

My testament - this is the message.

Elik, you were a dear friend to me,

I pray: may my testament be useful!

The cherished word is always gracious,

And if you accept advice - the benefit will be a hundredfold.

There is only one truth in this message -

Remember me, do not disdain advice!

And no matter how many years you live, still
The deathbed is prepared for you.

The moment of death comes to everyone

And cruelly takes the souls of the living.

Listen to the voice, calling out loudly, prepare yourself,

And prepare yourself for the long road ahead.

There is no place where death is merciful,

Prepare yourself for death - gather everything you need.

Listen to what the man said:, who has learned a lot,

Already before death, approaching him:

"Death will approach, and it commands: lie down,

Prepare to direct your step to the end.

And even though you wear a silver belt,

And death approached - and the sash broke!"

And know, O Elik, I served you with truth,

And honestly I put all my ardor into service.

May the Lord send you joy and consolation -

A good reward in food and clothing,

And live in prosperity for thousands of years,

Rule over the nations without troubles and adversity!

And love rules with my devoted word,

Oh, be, clear-faced, alive and well!

Worthy elik! I will say goodbye to this world,

The pain of my heart - my son will remain an orphan here.

I pray: may he be protected by the all-existing

In the fire of this vale of tears, burning all that exists!

Watch him closely - this is the essence of my request,

Be with him, so that he would not have to perish!

The Lord is the essence and foundation of all that exists,

He is free over everything that is good and evil.

And mother and father are the edification of their children,

How they should live - in a bad or good way.

I am a father, but I am at the death line,

And the son - without a mother - will be an orphan.

And if I am worth retribution, even a small one,

Guide him on the right path and favor.

Warm him, teach him strict valor.

Trained, he will become a help to people.

And let him be well-behaved and honest!

And if he serves with benefit - he will get his own.

Be strict, severe, do not enslave him by power,

Severe supervision will lead him to happiness.

And the old man, as gray as a harrier, said,
He spoke with mature understanding:

"Instill in your son good sciences from childhood,

Whoever is learned from childhood, everything is given to him.

Teach your children with a whip, do not spare,

Whoever has tried the rod, he is smarter!

After all, what is learned in infancy, children

Can not forget, as long as they live in this world!"

And, having finished his letter, he took the ribbon,

Tied it, gave it to his son.

"O my son," he said, "see that you do not lose,

Be able to pass on my covenant to Elik.

Let him read this, understand my advice

And, preparing for death, keep my covenant."

And to his son he said, letting out a sigh:

"Learn what I say - be brave and truthful!"

And he embraced his son, overcome with grief,

Kissing him and wailing bitterly.

"Look, my son, you see me, -

Remember how I die, groaning.

And you too are mortal, and this is not a lie,

Do not be mistaken: you will come to death.

I will tell you a useful word,

Learn it - you will remember me in your prayer.

The ruler will call you to serve -

Serve him faithfully and honestly, my son.

Work without laziness, do not neglect your affairs,

And be honest and brave in word and deed.

Rise early and go to bed late,

To the early riser - all the blessings are given!

Fall before the will of God in humility,

Serve Elik with a hot passion in your chest.

Do not associate with the bad and remain a stranger to them,

Do only good - yours will be fine path.

Keep your word, strengthen your health,

Look after yourself - you can overcome everything!"

He fell silent and embraced his son with tears,

And again gave free rein to his repentance.

"Oh, this merciless world," he said, -

Why did you send me so much torment and tears?

Me, who has done so much good,

Will be swallowed up by the grave, dark and damp!

And, as at birth, now I am naked -

I have found my limit in sorrow and grief!
Listen to what the dying man said,

A man sobbing in anguish before death:

"From the womb you came - into the womb you will go,

You were happy - you became fit for snakes to eat: you.

And youth is of no use, and life is useless,

In anguish and sobbing you will go down to the grave!"

Aitoldy sobbed and, losing consciousness,

He ordered that gifts be distributed to the poor.

He said goodbye to his relatives, losing his strength,

And he asked God to take his soul to heaven.

And he fixed his gaze on heaven with prayer,

And his speech fell silent, and he stretched out his hands.

And the light of his life was covered with darkness,

And he let out a sigh with his last prayer.

His good soul soared upward,

And his lifeless body froze in an instant.

And - as if the inspired soul had never been,

Only his name remained in the universe.

Listen to what a certain enlightened man said,

Suddenly awakening from sleepy carelessness:

"The body's haven is an earthly dwelling,

And the home for your soul is your body.

Your soul will leave your mortal flesh,

And where it is - only the Lord knows!"

Blessed is its fate in the upper limit,

And its fate to descend is harder.

A dual fate is possible, of course,

But still the soul is immortal and eternal.

How woeful is the essence of a living man:

His flesh will die and his word will die!

Where is he from? How long will his strength live?

Where will it be then? Where was it judged to hover?

What does the sage know?
What will he say about this?

What will the smart one understand?
Will he explain with an answer?

Only the omnipresent will judge this,

The omnipotent creator - the omnipresent ruler!

He is everywhere - hidden from view and invisible,

He stands everywhere before the eyes and - invisible.

Let the life of man be short, not eternal,

He is great in thought, marked by the gift of speech!

But what is the reason - weak-willed, powerless,

Bad, man - a prisoner of abundant arrogance!
He has been a guest in the universe for only two days,

And he stares with his chest in arrogant pride!

Listen to what is said by a thoughtful word,

What is said by a man prepared for death:

"Oh terrible death, a cruel fate rules you,

And a thousand means will not save you!

You are like a snare to everyone, and no one will be saved,

With you neither evil nor good - not to fight!

But long happiness for the wise

And a quick death for the thoughtless ignoramuses!

But death spared neither the good nor the bad,

The grave is ready for the great and the small.

Oh living now! All deaths will reach,

And no matter how long you live - you will be overtaken by it.

And it is said correctly by a powerful husband,

A wise man, virtuous in deeds:

"Oh, if there were no death forever!

Oh, if man lived in immortality!

But death sends me such a blessing:

It destroys everything, giving the bliss of peace.

And there is no miracle in this, that the born is mortal,

And again will become dust, buried in the earth.

Oh, no, not people - the human I pity,

Not them - the eternal justice I pity!

Are your essence obstinate or humble

And this ancient world is always like this!"

Authority:
Hanif Abdurakhman. https://vk.com/topic-12003611_22517876