Kazakhstan cosmonauts.

“Cosmonautics has a limitless future, and its prospects are limitless, like the Universe itself.”

Sergei Korolev.

Flights into space from Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Toktar Ongarbaevich Aubakirov (Kazakh: Toktar Ongarbayuly Aubakirov) - the 72nd (and last) cosmonaut of the USSR, the first cosmonaut of Kazakh nationality. Major General of the Air Force of Kazakhstan. Deputy of the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan of the 12th convocation.
Deputy of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan from electoral district No. 44 of the Kyzylorda region. People's Hero of Kazakhstan (1995), Hero of the Soviet Union (1988), Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1990), Honored Master of Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Honorary Professor of Karaganda University named after Academician E. A. Buketov (May 3, 2022). Born on July 27, 1946 in the village of the collective farm named after May 1, Karkaraly district, Karaganda region. His name comes from the Kazakh word “tokta”, which means “to stop”.
Kazakhs have long given this name to a male child who was born after a series of dead newborns or when all previous newborns were only girls. Toktar was his parents' first boy after two girls. Comes from the Taz-Bulbul subgenus of the Karakesek clan of the Argyn tribe.
He graduated from 8 classes of high school, then worked as a turner at the Temirtau Foundry and Mechanical Plant, while studying at evening school. Having completed his studies at secondary school in 1965, he entered the Armavir Higher Military Aviation School of Air Defense Pilots.
In 1976, he graduated from test pilot school and was sent to test work at an aircraft plant in Ulan-Ude, but soon, with the help of the chief pilot of the Mikoyan Design Bureau, Alexander Fedotov, he was transferred to this company.
In 1979 he graduated in absentia from the Moscow Aviation Institute named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze. From 1976 to 1991, he was a test pilot at the Mikoyan Design Bureau. During his work, he mastered more than 50 types of aircraft.
He worked in Crimea on the subject of ship-based aircraft. He was the first in the USSR to make a non-stop flight to the North Pole and with two refuelings in the air. From 1976 to 1990, Toktar Aubakirov was involved in aircraft testing at the A. I. Mikoyan Design Bureau.
While working at the Design Bureau, in 1979 T. Aubakirov graduated from the evening department of the Zhukovsky branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute with a degree in aerohydromechanical engineer. Toktar Aubakirov has tested numerous aircraft, including in-flight refueling tests and as part of a naval test crew.
His experience, knowledge and skills were used in the development of an aircraft-carrying cruiser. In November 1989, T. Aubakirov landed a MiG-29K aircraft on the aircraft-carrying cruiser Tbilisi and was the first in the USSR to take off from the ski ramp of an aircraft carrier.
Toktar Aubakirov was not only engaged in flight work and aircraft testing, but also held the position of chief pilot of the design bureau. In 1988, Toktar Ongarbaevich Aubakirov was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1990, he was awarded the title of Honored Test Pilot of the USSR. On November 6, 1990, he was awarded the title of Honored Test Pilot of the USSR. In 1991, in accordance with the agreement between the governments of the USSR and the Kazakh SSR, he began training at the Cosmonaut Training Center named after Yu. A. Gagarin.
On October 2, 1991, he launched into space together with Alexander Volkov (crew commander at launch) and Austrian cosmonaut Franz Vieböck as a research cosmonaut on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft. For a week he worked on board the Mir orbital complex.
The duration of stay in space was 7 days 22 hours 13 minutes. On October 10, 1991, he returned to Earth together with Anatoly Artsebarsky (landing commander) and Austrian cosmonaut Franz Viböck aboard the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft.
Since Toktar Aubakirov made a space flight, already having the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and repeated awards with the “Gold Star” since 1988 were cancelled, for his only flight into space he was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.
Until 1991 he lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. After the collapse of the USSR, he lives in Kazakhstan. He is in public service. Since April 1992 - First Deputy Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, assistant President of Kazakhstan for space exploration.
Before being elected to parliament - General Director of the National Aerospace Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Almaty. On October 24, 2009, Toktar Aubakirov, the first Kazakh cosmonaut, speaking at the congress of a new opposition political force - the Azat National Social Democratic Party - in Almaty, explained his entry into the united opposition party:
“I want to consider that today has come the day that ordinary people dreamed of. Today is a historic day. Many people were waiting for Kazakhstan's two leading opposition parties to unite. I've been waiting for this moment for a long time.
This was my dream. I waited a long time for the people's party to appear so I could join it. I've been looking for my match for a long time. And so I finally found her.”
On January 14, 2012, he participated in early elections to the Mazhilis, the lower house of parliament. He was nominated by the National Social Democratic Party.

Authority and photos by
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%