FIT trip Almaty.

“All five senses rest in the garden at once”

Hannah.

Shopping tour in Almaty.

In 1868, the Verny City Construction Committee developed a development plan for the so-called New City. It provided 4 squares for parks, including on the site of the old Bolshestanichny cemetery, where a small grove had already grown.
In the mentioned year, the Russian public widely celebrated the 100th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin. On the occasion of these celebrations, the Park received the name of Pushkin, like the street, like the Vernensky City Women's School, like many other streets, parks in the empire, including Tashkent.
Based on the documents, we can say that the park was founded in the early 70s of the XIX century. Planned plantings in the future city Pushkin Garden began in 1872. Park named after 28 Panfilov guardsmen, located in the Medeu district of Almaty, on the territory of about 18 hectares limited to Kazybek bi, Zenkova, Gogol and Kunaev st.
This park, which became central, already in the pre-revolutionary time changed several names. At first it was called Starokladbischensky, then Cathedral and Church, since it was planned to build a new Cathedral here. Since 1872, on the recommendation of the gardener M. Kreshtopenko, planting of poplars began.
The park was named the City Garden. In 1887, the construction of a temporary Cathedral began in the eastern part of the park, this part of the park received the unofficial name of the Garden of Gethsemane. At the beginning of 1891, in the north-eastern part of the park, the daughter of the governor G. Kolpakovsky, Alexander Bazilevskaya, was buried with a newborn son who died during childbirth. Until now, two granite gravestones have been preserved on their grave.
The main tree species: elm, oak, aspen, maple, pine, spruce. The park is given a memorial character by its name and memorial of glory. In 1899, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the poet A. S. Pushkin, the park was named "Pushkin Garden", with the further arrangement of alleys, games and attractions.
The park was landscaped, planted with white acacia, arbors and benches were installed. In the eastern part of the park, on Church Square (or Gethsemane Garden), the Turkestan Cathedral was erected in 1907, the bishop’s church and the diocesan house (in Soviet times, the Alma-Ata cinema).
In those years, they attached importance to the first Cathedral, destroyed by the earthquakes of 1887, and a memorial sign and a chapel were erected here. In 1899, the park celebrated the 100th anniversary of the beloved poet and the park was named Pushkin Garden.
In 1913, a bronze bust was erected on the eastern avenue of the park (approximately on the site of the current memorial with the Eternal Flame) - a monument to Tsar Alexander II, the founder of the Semirechensk Cossack Army (now does not exist).
In 1918, the park received a new name - Fallen Freedom Fighters. In 1913, the park hosts an agricultural and industrial exhibition dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. The architectural and construction part was organized by a military engineer A.P. Zenkov.
On the territory of 16 acres of the eastern part, 28 state-owned and 15 private pavilions were erected in different architectural styles. The main avenue of the park along Kolpakovsky Avenue was decorated with yurts, which housed all the variety of Kazakh national art, life and crafts.
Nearby buildings - the Cathedral, the City Council and the cinema “XX Century” - were supplied with the first electricity, which influenced the image of the “city garden”. The name and improvement of the park has repeatedly changed.
The park was laid during the construction of Verny on the site of the village cemetery in 1921, during the mudflow, the cemetery was destroyed. The graves of the Kolpakovsky family, the daughter of Leonilla Kolpakovskaya, the burial of 1860 and the grandson of Vladimir Bazilevsky in 1882 were preserved, the tombstone was restored in 2011.
The mass grave in memory of the victims of the May 28, 1887 earthquake was also lost. In 1919, the park received the name "fallen freedom fighters" in connection with the burial here of A. Berezovsky and K. Ovcharov, other heroes of the Soviet Semirechye.
Then, the "Local Park named after Lenin", with the prohibition of urban burials. However, after the mudflow of 1921 and the deaths of victims, a mass grave appears in the park (later lost). In the following years, the park wore the most diverse nominations - “Garden of the Gubkompomarm” 1925, “Public Park May 1”.
In 1927 - 1242, during the formation of Alma-Ata in the capital of Soviet Kazakhstan, the park received the name "Federation of Soviet Republics", with the closing of streets, in particular Oktyabrskaya Street and Lenin Avenue.
The first memorial plaques were installed on the wall of the Alma-Ata cinema and nearby buildings. In the park sports and game and cultural facilities (a parachute tower, a stage and dance verandas, a library, a local history museum, a restaurant, an Alma-Ata cinema, an engineer’s sundial, architectural green landscapes with small forms) are appearing.
In 1921 - the Federation Park, was later connected to the Cathedral Park and received the name - City Garden, in 1942 it received its modern name. The park was given its current name in memory of the feat accomplished during the Great Patriotic War during the defense of Moscow by 28 fighters of the 1075th regiment of the 316th Infantry Division.
In honor of the Panfilov guardsmen, a large national series of cargo ships was named (the main ship “Panfilov’s Heroes”; shipowner Black Sea Shipping Company, port of registry Ilyichepk). The official name since May 5, 1942, in memory of the Panfilov Division and the heroes of Alma-Ata, who stopped the Nazi tanks offensive on Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.
All of them were awarded the title Heroes of the Soviet Union. Along the alley of memory crossing the entire park, stone stands with carved names of 28 Panfilov heroes and monuments of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, General I.V. Panfilov and Baurzhan Momysh-ula, are installed.
In the western part of the park is a monument-bust to Tokash Bokin. To the west of the Glory Memorial is a presidential alley with Tien Shan fir trees planted by the hands of the heads of state who visited Kazakhstan in the early years of independence.
Reconstruction of the park was carried out in connection with the installation of: a monument to the participants in the establishment of Soviet power in Semirechye on May 13, 1949, a memorial of Glory in memory of those who fell for the freedom and independence of our Motherland on May 8, 1975, to the 60th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 2005 and others social events.

Literature:
Matveeva L.A. Palace of Culture AKHBK. The building of the Kakhakh drama theater. M.O. Auezova -In the book:
Monuments of history and culture of Almaty. Catalog of documents of the Archives and Documentation Management and the Central Administration of the City of Almaty. - Almaty, Oner Publishing House, 2003, ss. 120 - 121, pp. 90 - 91;
Malinovskaya E.G., Proskurin V.N. Theater of Young Spectators. - In the book :
 Collection of historical and cultural monuments of the city of Almaty. - Almaty, Kazakh Encyclopedia LLP, 2006, pp. 306-308;
Manannikova L.B. I come from the Youth Theater, Almaty, 2010, p. 424; Sats N. Novels of my life, Prince 1-I, M., 1984, p. 496

Authority:
Vladimir Proskurin (Berlin).